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Gladstone Institutes & UCSF
We build on biotechnology to make the impossible possible. These are a few of the projects we're working on now.
Precise Genome Engineering
Curing genetic disease and advancing our understanding of genomics requires the ability to modify the cellular genomes precisely. We develop and deploy precise editing technology using a bacterial reverse transcriptase known as the retron to produce editing donors for recombineering in prokaryotes and CRISPR-based genome editing in eukaryotes.
Schubert et al. PNAS (2021); Lopez et al. Nature Chemical Biology (2021)
Molecular Recording
Experimental biology has been limited by the need for destructive sampling or direct observation of cells to quantify transcriptional state. These requirements inherently restrict our knowledge of the natural world, because they eliminate the possibility of determining order of transcriptional events that occur in individual cells in natural environments. We are engineering molecular biotechnology that enables reconstruction of the order of past gene activation events in individual cells, without observation or destruction during the event of interest. We do this by generating a physical DNA record of transcriptional events inside cells, which are permanently written into a genomic ledger in the order that they occur.
Shipman et al., Science (2016); Shipman et al., Nature (2017); Bhattarai-Kline et al., Nature Chemical Biology (2021); Bhattarai-Kline et al. Nature (2022)
Phage Defense Retroelements
We use DNA throughout our technologies to modify genomes, perturb cells, and mark molecular events. Bacteria harbor retroelements that produce DNA used to defend populations of cells against phages. We study these retroelements, including retrons, to understand the mechanism they use to generate abundant DNA and the role that this DNA plays in bacterial immunity.
Palka et al., Nucleic Acids Research (2022)
Mitochondrial Therapeutics
Inherited and accumulated mutations to the mitochondrial genome can cause multi-system disease and contribute to age-related cellular degeneration. Yet, the mitochondrial genome has been largely out-of-reach for genomic medicine due to technical hurdles. We are developing new technologies to modify mitochondrial genomes and restore mitochondrial function in degenerative disease and aging.
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